Câu điều kiện và cách sử dụng
If he tries much more, he will improve his English.
If I have money, I will buy a new car.
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if + S + simple present
tense … + simple present tense …
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I usually walk to school if I have enough time.
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If + S + simple present
tense … + command form of verb + …
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Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.
(I am not rich) (I’m not going to travel around the world)
(I was in a hurry) (I had an accident)
If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon.
He would tell you about it if he were here.
If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him.
(He speaks very quicky) (You can’t understand him)
Động từ to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi.
If I were you, I wouldn’t go to that movie.
If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(We didn’t know …) (We didn’t write you a letter)
If we hadn’t lost our way, we would have arrived sooner.
If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it.
Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it.
If she had caught the train, she would be here by now.
If you will/would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr Conner is here.
If he will listen to me, I can help him.
Will còn được dùng theo mẫu câu này để diễn đạt sự ngoan cố: Nếu ….. nhất định, Nếu ….. cứ.
If you will turn on the music loudly so late tonight, no wonder why your neighbours complain.
If you could open your book, please.
If you should find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me.
Có thể đảo should lên trên chủ ngữ và bỏ if
Should you find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me.
If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her.
If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice.
If you did not do much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand.
If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello.
If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs.
(Ngộ nhỡ mà anh có tình cờ ghé qua chợ có lẽ mua cho em ít trứng)
If our boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble.
What would we do if I was/were to lose my job.
Hoặc có thể diễn đạt một ý lịch sự khi đưa ra đề nghị
If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down.
(Nếu anh vui lòng dịch ghế của anh ra một chút thì chúng ta có thể cùng ngồi được)
Note: Cấu trúc này tuyệt đối không được dùng với các động từ tĩnh tại hoặc chỉ trạng thái tư duy.
Correct: If I knew her name, I would tell you.
Incorrect: If I was/were to know…
Thời hiện tại:
If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk about.
(Nếu không vì những đứa con thì vợ chồng nhà ấy chả có chuyện gì mà nói)
Thời quá khứ:
If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what to do.
(Nếu không nhờ vào sự giúp đỡ của anh thì tôi cũng không biết phải làm gì đây).
Có thể đảo lại:
Had it not been for your help, I don’t know what to to.
I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary.
It would be better if they would tell every body in advance.
(Sẽ là tốt hơn nếu họ kể cho mọi người từ trước)
(Ta sẽ cảm thấy thế nào nếu điều này xảy ra đối với gia đình chúng ta.)
If I’d have known, I’d have told you.
If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny.
If in doubt, ask for help. (= If you are in doubt, …)
If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good nights sleep. (= If you are about to go on… )
There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers.
(There is little evidence, if there is any at all, for flying saucers)
(Có rất ít bằng chứng về đĩa bay, nếu quả là có thực)
I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised.
(Tôi không giận dữ đâu. Mà có chăng tôi cảm thấy hơi ngạc nhiên)
Cách nói này còn diễn đạt ý kiến ướm thử: Nếu có…
I’d say he was more like a father, if anything
(Tôi xin nói rằng ông ấy còn hơn cả một người cha, nếu có thể nói thế.)
He seldom if ever travel abroad.
(Anh ta chả mấy khi đi ra nước ngoài)
Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word
(Thông thường, nhưng không phải là luôn luôn… )
Nghĩa không mạnh bằng although - Dùng để diễn đạt quan điểm riêng hoặc vấn đề gì đó không quan trọng.
His style, if simple, is pleasant to read.
(Văn phong của ông ta, cho dù là đơn giản, thì đọc cũng thú)
The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy
(Lợi nhuận, cho dù là có thấp hơn năm qua một chút, thì vẫn là rất lớn.)
Cấu trúc này có thể thay bằng may…, but
His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read.





